A thread · guided journey
Proof Becomes Computation
The slow discovery that a proof and a program are the same thing, from Gentzen’s rules to the proof assistants of today.
- 01
Gentzen’s Insight
Cut-Elimination (Hauptsatz)Gentzen shows a proof has structure: cut-elimination turns any proof into a direct, detour-free one. A proof, it seems, can be *run*: simplified, step by step.
- 02
Church & Turing
Undecidability of the Halting ProblemIndependently, Church’s λ-calculus and Turing’s machine pin down exactly what “computable” means, and show that some questions no computation can answer.
- 03
The Identity: Curry–Howard
Curry–Howard CorrespondenceThe revelation: propositions *are* types, and proofs *are* programs. To prove a theorem is to write a program of a certain type. Logic and computation are one structure.
- 04
Martin-Löf’s Foundation
Intuitionistic Type Theory 1984Martin-Löf builds a whole foundation on this: dependent type theory, where mathematics is done by constructing objects, and a proof is a program you can check.
- 05
Into the Machine
Computational LogicToday the correspondence is concrete: Lean, Coq, and Agda are languages in which mathematicians write proofs that the computer checks, and sometimes helps discover.